Yemen HEST January 2019
The David Nott Foundation ran two HEST courses in Aden, Yemen in January 2019 with the support of Médecins Sans Frontières.
These two HEST courses were the first occasion that the Foundation’s whole body simulator was employed for training and supporting it was a suite of individual models of organs, blood vessels and key anatomies with which the students could train. For the obstetrics modules, the Faculty used its commercially-sourced obstetrics simulator enabling each surgeon to practise multiple Caesarean section deliveries as well as neonatal resuscitation.
Training
Covering 2-5 hours each, the courses were taken through:
- Ballistics – the effects of low velocity bullets and high velocity bullets and the four stages of a blast injury on the human body
- Primary and secondary survey
- Damage control
- Cardio-thoracic trauma – thoracotomies; lung twist and tractotomy; effects of a cardiac tamponade; pericardial sac opening; heart suturing
- Vascular surgery – ligating, shunting, patching and grafting vessels; fasciotomies; proximal and distal control
- Head and neck trauma – removal of extracranial haematoma; burr holes and craniotomies for extradural haematoma; fragment removal with depressed skull fractures; treatment of mandibular and Le Fort fractures; jaw and maxilla wiring
- Principles of paediatric surgery – differences in physiology; burns; common injuries and diseases; cultural considerations
- Abdominal trauma – laparotomies; control of bleeding; pelvic injuries and bracing; splenectomy; Cattel-Braasch manoeuvre; Whipple procedure; bowel anastomoses; ileostomy and colostomy; closure of abdomen
- Orthopaedic surgery – stabilisation by plaster of Paris; traction; external fixation; management of difficult fracture, non-union and infection; osteomyelitis; amputations
- Plastic surgery – burns; debridement and reconstruction; skin grafts; tissue flaps
- Trauma in obstetrics and gynaecology – vaginal deliveries; Caesarean sections; hysterectomies; post-partum haemorrhage with compression techniques and tamponade; perineal trauma; retained products; ectopic pregnancy; neonatal resuscitation
Students
The Faculty trained 52 students over the two courses. 20 surgeons and doctors from across the country came for the first week and demonstrated a high level of experience and skill, and engaged well with all the training, even putting some of it into use the same day once they returned to theatre. By the time the second course started the work had spread and many more than expected turned up to start, with some having to be turned away to keep the numbers manageable.
Particularly interesting was the attendance of five surgeons who had previously attended a HEST course delivered by David and team in Aden in 2016. Among those was a highly respected female surgeon; the only in Aden and possibly the only in Yemen, who had only recently qualified. In the three years since she had come to be regarded as a one of the best there and consistently impressed the Faculty. Such was her appetite to learn that she even sat in on some of the sessions in the second week to make sure it was all sinking in.
Conclusion
There is no doubt in our minds as to the value of the courses in Yemen and the evidence of and potential for making a very real difference to the surgical outcomes for patients not only treated by the surgeons we taught, but also those to whom the training, techniques and procedures can be cascaded.
The impact that the models have made is exceptional; they have transformed the course and are now invaluable training aids for almost all components of the syllabus. Both the surgeons that have trained with the models, and the David Nott Foundation faculty that have used it in their teaching, have been emphatically enthusiastic in their feedback about the value it brings to the training. Both the surgeons that have trained with the models, and the David Nott Foundation faculty that have used it in their teaching, have been emphatically enthusiastic in their feedback about the value it brings to the training.
HEST in Libya
It was the early hours of 4 March when our DNF team touched down at Misrata airport. David and Ammar were this time joined by Harald Veen, formerly Chief Surgeon of the Red Cross and now a valued addition to our teaching faculty.
Over the next three days they taught 55 Libyan doctors in the skills they need to provide the best surgical care for patients with complex injuries.
The doctors had travelled from across the country from towns including Tripoli, Misrata, Houn and Sabha. The majority specialised in general surgery but there were also orthopaedic surgeons, an obstetrician and a neurosurgeon present; demonstrating the relevance of our training programme to all medical specialities.
HEST faculty in Misrata
The course concluded with a practical workshop at Misrata Central Hospital where they put their newly-learnt skills into practice with tuition from David, Ammar and Harald on vascular, general surgical, neurosurgical and facio-maxillary techniques.
We have already had three applications for scholarships from surgeons attending the Misrata course and look forward to continuing to build our friendships with the doctors of Libya.
Yemen HEST July 2016
David Nott Foundation ran a HEST course in Aden, Yemen from 10-12 July, 2016. 43 surgeons from hospitals in Aden, Lahj, Abyan, Lawder and Shabwa attended the three-day war surgery training.
David showed the doctors how to treat a variety of complicated war injuries, principally fragmentation and gunshot wounds. There had been an increase in suicide bomb attacks and bombs placed under cars in recent weeks, causing horrendous blast injuries which David also showed the doctors how to treat.
The Foundation taught the course at the invitation of Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) as part of their regular training for local doctors and nurses.
David said: “I was thrilled to receive the invitation from MSF to run the HEST course in Yemen and am delighted to say we have had more invitations to run courses from other aid agencies in various countries. It shows the huge importance of the work we are doing and the very real need for surgical training in war zones.”
November 2018 newsletter
Note from the Chief Executive
In September we took our Hostile Environment Surgical Training (HEST) course to sub-Saharan Africa for the first time. The David Nott Foundation will travel to wherever in the world our teaching is needed and the doctors in Cameroon are contending with very challenging circumstances as they seek to care for their patients.
Violence from the Nigerian Army’s conflict with Boko Haram has spilled over into the north of Cameroon and the doctors there are having to cope with the aftermath of major trauma incidents such as suicide bombings with minimal equipment. Their training has not always equipped them to manage the cases they face in the most effective way, which is where the DNF steps in.
We are motivated by the fact that well-trained doctors save more lives. If doctors have the knowledge and confidence to handle the complex cases in front of them, they will be more likely to save life and limb.
Thank you for your support.
Elly
Hostile Environment Surgical Training (HEST) course for Syrian doctors
17-20 July
Our training team returned to Gaziantep, for the third time since the Foundation was established, in July to train a group of Syrian surgeons. For David, it was a chance to see friends of many years with whom he lived and operated in Aleppo and Idlib.
Among those attending was the doctor with whom David had conducted an operation over Skype in 2016. When the siege of Aleppo was at its height, David helped the doctors in M10 Hospital reconstruct a man’s jaw, the majority of which had been blown off in an explosion.
The training was enhanced by the use of prosthetic organs upon which the Faculty demonstrated various surgical techniques.
Our third HEST for Syrian doctors
Practising surgical procedures on prosthetic organs enhanced the teaching for these experienced doctors
HEST course in Cameroon
10-14 September
The class of Maroua, 2018
The Foundation’s first mission in sub-Saharan Africa; a Faculty of three set off for Cameroon on 9 September. There has been a considerable overspill of violence from military operations against Boko Haram in neighbouring Nigeria into the far north of Cameroon. Our team arrived into Yaounde and then took a further internal flight to Maroua, travelling by car to the MSF field hospital where the training took place. 29 local doctors attended and the lectures were selected in order to match the experience of the trainees. Many attending were not surgeons but general doctors with surgical skills, so the faculty spent more time covering common procedures in detail and mentioned for general knowledge other procedures that will require a more advanced level of training.
Some sessions were combined with practical dry lab stations, using prosthetic organs commissioned by the Foundation and funded by your generous donations. The doctors practised cardio vascular repair on hearts, arteries and veins; bowel repair, anastomosis and stoma principles and post-partum haemorrhage management using an intrauterine balloon.
The training in action using specially-commissioned training materials
Systematic Management and Emergency Care in Obstetrics and Midwifery (SMEC-OM) for Syrian Obstetrician and Midwives. Gaziantep
24-28 September
The obstetricians and midwives attending travelled from Idlib, Syria
The training comprised practical and written assessment and tests
Organised and funded by the David Nott Foundation, Hand in Hand for Aid and Development and World Vision International; the course aimed to address the high rates of maternal and neonatal morbidity in Idlib.
An account of the training and the challenges facing Idlib’s obstetricians was published by the British Medical Journal on 9 November: https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2018/11/09/elly-nott-training-idlibs-obstetricians/
Fundraising
There have been several wonderful fundraising events organised by our supporters over the past few months. They include a group of friends doing a sponsored walk along Hadrian’s Wall, an open day at a beautiful fruit nursery in Kent, coffee mornings and garden parties. We are so incredibly grateful for all these efforts as they enable us to keep doing the work we do.
In June, we held a cello recital and reception at Fishmongers’ Hall in London. We were generously sponsored by the April Trust and heard from the ‘cellist of Baghdad,’ Karim Wasfi. David Nott presented Karim with the Arabian Business ‘Humanitarian of the Year’ Award in 2015 for his work promoting peace through music and the arts in his native Iraq.
Iraqi cellist Karim Wasfi performs
Our life-sized whole body training simulator on display; anatomy being described by David Nott
Can you help us?
If we are to continue to train surgeons and take these desperately-needed courses abroad, we need your help.
There are several ways you can donate:
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Account name: The David Nott Foundation
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The BMJ: Training Idlib’s obstetricians
Giving birth is one of the most vulnerable moments a woman can experience. It can be anxiety-inducing enough in a well-equipped hospital in the UK, but the women of Idlib, Syria are literally having their babies in a warzone. The threats they face are myriad, not only to themselves and their babies, but also to the physical fabric of the hospital and the medical workers who care for them. In early September the Has hospital was barrel-bombed and put out of action. Ambulance stations and a Syria Civil Defence (White Helmets) first response centre were also put out of service.
Beneath the headlines about “shapeshifting” rebel groups which have formed, fractured, and re-formed over the course of the civil war, and deals cut in regional capitals, is the suffering of the civilian population of Idlib, the last province in Syria not under regime control.
The numbers are stark; 336 maternal deaths per 100,000 births in provinces outside government control in Syria. [1] There are 9 per 100,000 in the UK. The figures for neonatal deaths are similarly distressing; 30.6 deaths per 1,000 births in Idlib compared to 3/1,000 in the UK. [2]
Violence against hospitals and medical staff affects clinical decision-making.
On 19 March 2018, the Union of Medical Care and Relief Organisations (UOSSM) reported that doctors in eastern Ghouta had, on the previous day, performed 15 caesarean sections out of a total of 30 births. The doctors said that they were being forced to do caesareans as the intense besiegement made it difficult for expecting mothers to predict when they could safely go to the hospital. The risk of complications for the mother and child are increased by the lack of incubators, medical equipment, and staff with the right training to perform follow up care.
However, the war alone cannot explain the high levels of maternal and neonatal morbidity. There is a serious shortage of obstetricians and midwives to care for a population of some 3 million. This can lead to non-specialists having to undertake the care of pregnant women and neonates and sometimes not making the correct decision for the patient. While not all of that population of 3 million will be having children, of course, the pressure on health services has increased as much of that population is made up of internally displaced people from areas including eastern Aleppo, eastern Ghouta and Homs. The province has become a receptacle for the vanquished as the regime has hammered those opposed to Assad’s rule. Following relentless campaigns of bombing and the use of chemical weapons, those civilians left alive boarded buses for Idlib province.
Among those on the green buses heading for Idlib in December 2016 was Farida; known as the last obstetrician in eastern Aleppo. Farida made impassioned pleas for the indiscriminate bombardment of her City to stop on several media channels in 2016. Her departure with her husband and daughter is an evident source of present pain, but there was something about those months leading up to the evacuation. “We made a difference. We were working so hard and helping so many people. Though we were under constant attack, we were part of something extraordinary and saving lives every day.”
Farida and 17 other obstetricians were in Gaziantep recently for Systematic Management and Emergency Care in Obstetrics and Midwifery (SMEC-OM), a course organised and funded by the David Nott Foundation, Hand in Hand for Aid and Development, and World Vision International. The Syrian civil war has stalled the medical education of doctors and midwives, a further major contributing factor to the poor outcomes in obstetrics and gynaecology. Postpartum haemorrhage and eclampsia/pre-eclampsia were responsible for the majority of maternal deaths in areas of Syria not under government control in 2017. [3] The SMEC-OM has been devised to save the lives of mothers and babies by training clinicians to use established algorithms and guidelines for managing conditions such as maternal collapse, post-partum haemorrhage, pre-eclampsia, sepsis, and neonate resuscitation. The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) in London is supporting these efforts and the course is conducted under the auspices of its Syrian Liaison Group.
Organising this essential training is Saladin Sawan, a British-Syrian gynaecologist. Saladin is joined by a faculty of trainers from several Arab states, all of whom give up their time for free. They lecture with authority and passion for their subject, inviting debate and questions from the doctors, 90% of whom are women. The energy in the room is palpable as they question graphs and diagrams and participate in practical exercises on specialist obstetric simulator models.
What they learn is being measured by an exam comprising both a paper of multiple-choice questions and a practical assessment on a simulator. The candidates who perform most strongly in the assessment proceed to a “train the trainers” day, where they will be coached to provide help and supervision to their colleagues in Idlib. This is especially important as 35 candidates had registered to attend the training but only 18 were able to make it across the Turkish border.
Getting the best in surgical training to those who need it most is the mission of the David Nott Foundation and we were proud to be able to support this thorough, detailed training.
In the coffee area I meet Abdulaziz. Before the war, Abdulaziz was a surgeon at Aleppo University Hospital and lecturer at the University’s faculty of medicine. With a small group of others, he was instrumental in locating safe houses where emergency operations could be performed on wounded protesters in the early days of the revolution. At night he gave lectures to medical students over Skype; focusing on emergency first aid and treating gunshot wounds. [4]
It is the focused effort of Abdulaziz, Saladin, and countless other individuals and charities that has created a shadow health system in areas of Syria not under government control. As the Syrian regime and its Russian supporters bombed hospitals and medical facilities, they scrambled to set up new ones underground and in caves. As the number of doctors shrank, they strove to train and upskill those who remained.
Idlib is the final front in the Syrian civil war and it is uncertain whether the current ceasefire will hold. The diplomats and politicians negotiating Syria’s fate owe it to the obstetricians I met in Gaziantep, and the thousands of women and babies who depend on them, to come up with a solution which creates the peace, security and dignity they so greatly deserve.
Elly Nott, Co-Founder and Chief Executive, David Nott Foundation
References:
1] 2017 survey conducted by the Syrian Board of Medical Specialities (SBOMS), “article in preparation”
2] World Bank data
3] 2017 survey conducted by the Syrian Board of Medical Specialities (SBOMS), “article in preparation”
4] Ben Taub, ‘The Shadow Doctors,’ The New Yorker, June 27, 2016 Issue
Originally posted on: https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2018/11/09/elly-nott-training-idlibs-obstetricians/
Scholarship to help Nepalese student reach more people following earthquake disaster
A postgraduate student who has treated more than 25,000 people cut off from healthcare following an earthquake has received a prestigious scholarship to further his work.
Dr Aban Gautam, who is originally from Nepal and currently studying for a masters in clinical research (MClinRes) at the University of Plymouth, was selected to receive the David Nott Foundation scholarship.
Literally a Life Saver
Nott is a remarkable consultant surgeon who regularly leaves his day job at three London NHS hospitals to provide emergency surgical treatment in war zones. It bgan when he was moved by the siege of Sarajevo in the 1990s, and he has since treated victims of conflict in places such as Sierra Leone, Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria.
The Mail on Sunday: My secret mission to save Aleppo’s babies of the blitz
David Nott writes for The Mail on Sunday
Of all the wounded children of Aleppo who passed before me, the memory of one has lodged in my mind like no other. Maram. I spent the week before Christmas in a field hospital in Syria operating on many tiny souls see-sawing between life and death, their bodies held together with metal pins and scaffold-like fixators.
But in Maram, a five-month-old orphan and beautiful despite her injuries, I saw my own child and, perhaps because I missed her so desperately, I felt intensely overwhelmed.
I have made numerous trips to Syria to treat the casualties of this war, but none was as sorrowful as the week I spent with Aleppo’s children. Bone-weary and drained emotionally, I returned to London on Christmas Eve and couldn’t wait to hold my 17-month-old daughter and see my wife and family. Christmas was a joy.
Yet Maram was never far from my mind’s eye: a haunting, residual memory that I could not have shaken even if I had wished; I find myself waking in the early hours worrying about her. I first saw Maram on December 20, a few days after she was evacuated from Aleppo in an ambulance. Her legs and left arm had been shattered in a bomb attack that killed her parents and injured her brother and sister.
Pieces of ordnance shell were embedded in her infected wounds but, because the Aleppo doctors had run out of dressings, disinfectant and saline, they had no choice but to operate on her dirty body tissue. As I looked down at Maram on the treatment table she was crying, not because she was tired and hungry, even though she was both, but because she was in great pain.
There are no paediatricians in Aleppo, or at the hospital where I was working; nobody qualified to make the very difficult decisions about how much analgesics and fluids to dispense. So in spite of all her suffering, Maram was simply on a small dose of paracetamol. It was heartbreaking. I checked her charts. In the UK, these would have been filled in with scrupulous attention to detail, but in Syria, with doctors battling to save the lives of so many, charts were overlooked. I couldn’t even tell what medication she had already received.
Maram wriggled uncomfortably. I tried to think logically about how to help her and what I’d need to do when I operated on her the following day. But precise thought was difficult as I felt myself experiencing the same sort of emotions that any father would have towards a wounded child.
I operated on December 21, carefully debriding Maram’s wounds and removing the decaying tissue inside her. The whole hospital stank of the bacteria that had caused her infections, and those in other patients. I worked delicately around the open compound fracture Maram had suffered in her left leg.
Correctly in my opinion, the surgeon who had operated on her in Aleppo had applied an external fixator, but this was so big and heavy that Maram couldn’t move her leg when she was awake. It was so sad to see. She also had a pin in her femur and another in her tibia, and she had a really big gap of leg bone missing from the explosion.
Read more here.
Elly & David Nott featured in Foreign Policy’s Global Thinkers 2016 list
Since the Syrian civil war erupted, the Assad regime has killed almost 700 medical personnel—and thousands more have fled. In Syria, “health care is seen as a weapon,” Welsh surgeon David Nott told the Independent. “You take out one doctor, you take out 10,000 people he or she can no longer care for.” Over the past four years, Nott has provided emergency care in Syrian clinics and has trained the remaining health workers in triage techniques and basic surgical skills. When he’s back home in London, he provides trainees with real-time advice about cases through text messaging. In February, Nott and his wife, Elly, launched a foundation dedicated to preparing doctors for war zones. About 30 Syrians attended its first training session in southern Turkey.
Read the full article here.